软件开发中高频专业名词汇总！防止有人不说人话

Software Development Terms Summary

Software Development Processes and Methodologies:

• Agile Software Development: A flexible approach emphasizing continuous improvement and rapid delivery.
• Acceptance Testing: Testing at the client side to ensure software meets requirements.
• Alpha testing: Internal testing within the developing company.
• Beta testing: External testing with selected users to provide feedback.
• CI (Continuous Integration): Practice of merging all developer working copies to a shared mainline.
• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle): General process of developing software in a step-by-step manner.
• Waterfall Model: An early model of software development with seven stages.

Programming Concepts and Techniques:

• Algorithm: A set of steps to accomplish a task.
• Code Refactoring: The process of restructuring existing code to reduce technical debt.
• Data Abstraction: Principle that separates interface from internal implementation.
• Data Structures: Formats for organizing and processing data.
• Debugging: Detecting and removing errors from the program.
• Dependencies: Associations that dictate the sequence of task execution.
• Object-oriented Programming: A system based on objects containing data and code.

Software Components and Interfaces:

• API (Application Programming Interface): Tools that offer building blocks for software functionalities.
• Backend: Server-side software not directly interacted with by users.
• Frontend: Client-side software that users interact with.
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): Markup language for constructing webpages.
• User interface: Interface design focusing on appearance and style.

Programming Languages and Tools:

• Compiler: Program that translates high-level code into standalone programs.
• CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): Language for styling HTML elements.
• Functional Language: Language that uses expressions instead of commands.
• General Purpose Language: Language applicable for a wide range of problems.
• Git: System for managing different versions of code.
• Javascript: Portable language for multiple platforms.
• IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Application that assists in writing code.
• Machine Learning: Study of algorithms to make predictions based on data.

Maintenance and Quality Assurance:

• Adaptive maintenance: Changes made to software to suit different operating systems or environments.
• Corrective Maintenance: Maintenance to correct errors not found before installation.
• Performance Testing: Testing software's speed and response under specific workloads.
• QA (Quality Assurance): Review process to ensure software meets expected standards.

Additional Concepts:

• Open Source: Source code freely available for download and modification.
• Plugin: Addition that adds new functionality to a host program.
• Version Control: Managing changes to a codebase over time.
• XML (Extensive Markup Language): Markup language for encoding documents and data serialization.

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